LaTeX Table

There are two LaTeX environments for typesetting tables: table and tabular. The table environment is a container designed for holding tabular environments. While the tablular environment is a container designed for typesetting material in rows and columns. A LaTeX table is a float and is not part of the normal stream. LaTeX floats tables according to the specified position or the available space on the page at the point of processing automatically.

table Environment

A table environment is a float with environment name table. A table environment contains a \caption command and may be followed by a label command.

Commands

table Environment

\begin{table}[placement]
    ⋯body of the table⋯
\end{table}

Parameter placement

The default placement identifer for report and article styles is [tbp], which means LaTeX is allowed to place the figure at the top of the page/column; bottom of the page/column; or if the float is quite tall (including the caption), all on its own on a float page without any text. Tables will not be split between two pages. Optional values are hplaces the table Here, where the table environment appears. tplaces the table at the Top of a text page bplaces the table at the Bottom of text page pplaces the table in a separate float Page without any text !is used in addition to other arguments informs LaTeX to override its default table placement values

body of the table

The body of the table is made up of whatever text, LaTeX commands, etc.,

\caption Command

\caption is used to specify the title of a table at the point of processing. Numbering of table is automatic.

\caption[short caption]{long caption}

\label Command

\label is used to specify the reference name of a table, such that the corresponding can be referred to with the \ref command. However, \label command must be placed after the \caption command

\label{table name}

Example

Code

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[paperwidth=10cm,paperheight=6.4cm,top=0.2cm,bottom=0.2cm,left=0.2cm, right=0.2cm,showframe]{geometry}

\begin{document}
\begin{table}[ht]
\caption{With Placement Specifier: ht}
\centering 
\begin{tabular}{c}
\hline
Column\\
\hline
a\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\label{table: One}
\end{table}
\begin{table}[b!]
\centering 
\begin{tabular}{c c c c}
\hline
Column \#1 & Column \#2 & Column \#3 & Column \#4 \\
\hline
a & b & c & d \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{With Placement Specifier: b!}
\label{table: Two}
\end{table}
Table \ref{table: One}, Table \ref{table: Two},
And Table \ref{table: Three}.
\begin{table}[htbp!]
\caption{With Placement Specifier: htbp!}
\label{table: Three}
\end{table}
\end{document}

Output

tabular Environment

A tabular environment is used to typeset tabular matter in a table environment or elsewhere. The argument of how many columns and types of columns must be specified when typesetting a tabular Environment. And the tabular matter is a sequence of rows of item, which are aligned vertically in columns.

Commands

tabular Environment

\begin{tabular}[pos]{cols}
    ⋯sequence of rows⋯
\end{tabular}

\begin{tabular*}{width}[pos]{cols}
    ⋯
\end{tabular*}

Parameter width

Parameter width is used to specify the width of the tabular* environment. There must be rubber space between columns than can be stretch to fill out the specified width.

Example

Code

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[paperwidth=10cm,paperheight=5.15cm,top=0.2cm,bottom=0.2cm,left=0.2cm, right=0.2cm,showframe]{geometry}

\begin{document}
\begin{table}[ht]
\centering 
\caption{With Placement Specifier: ht}
\label{table: One}
\begin{tabular*}{0.8\textwidth}{|l|c|@{\extracolsep{\fill}}r|}
\hline
Column \#1 & Column \#2 & Column \#3 \\
\hline
a & b & c \\
\hline
\end{tabular*}
\end{table}
\begin{table}[b!]
\centering 
\begin{tabular*}{\textwidth}{@{\extracolsep{\fill}}|l|c|r|}
\hline
Column \#1 & Column \#2 & Column \#3 \\
\hline
a & b & c \\
\hline
\end{tabular*}
\caption{With Placement Specifier: b!}
\label{table: Two}
\end{table}
\end{document}

Output

Parameter pos

Parameter pos is used to specify the vertical alignment of the tabularenvironment with respect to text flow. The default value is c, that is alignment of the center of the tabular environment. Optional values are talign on top row balign on bottom row calign on center of the enviroment (default)

Example

Code

\documentclass[margin=10pt]{standalone}

\begin{document}
Default:
\begin{tabular}{c}
    H \\ H\\
\end{tabular}
Center (pos=c):
\begin{tabular}[c]{c}
    H \\ H\\
\end{tabular}
Top (pos=t):
\begin{tabular}[t]{c}
    H \\ H\\
\end{tabular}
Bottom (pos=b):
\begin{tabular}[b]{c}
    H \\ H\\
\end{tabular}
H
\end{document}

Output

Parameter cols

Parameter col is used to specify the column formatting of a tabular environment by assigning a sequence of specifiers, corresponding to the sequence of columns and intercolumn material. Optional values are lA column of left-aligned items. rA column of right-aligned items cA column of centered items |A vertical line the full height and depth of the environment. ||A double vertical line the full height and depth of the environment. @{text}This inserts text in every row. An @-expression suppresses the intercolumn space normally inserted between columns; any desired space between the inserted text and the adjacent items must be included in text. An \extracolsep{wd} command in an @-expression causes an extra space of width wd to appear to the left of all subsequent columns, until countermanded by another \extracolsep command. Unlike ordinary intercolumn space, this exta space is not suppressed by an @-expression. An \extracolsep command can be used only in an @-expression in the cols argument. p{wd}Produces a column with each item typeset in a parbox of width wd, as if it were the argument of a \parbox[t]{wd} command. However, a \\ may not appear in the item, except in the following situations: inside an environment like minipage, array, or tabular. inside an explicit \parbox in the scope of a \centering, \raggedright, or \raggedleft declaration. The latter declarations must appear inside braces or an environment when used in a p=column element *{num}{cols}Equivalent to num copies of cols, where num is any positive integer and cols is any list of column-specifiers, which may contain another *-expression.

Example Tabular Columns 1

Code

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[paperwidth=10.5cm,paperheight=10cm,top=0.2cm,bottom=0.2cm,left=0.2cm, right=0.2cm,showframe]{geometry}

\begin{document}
\begin{table}[ht]
\centering 
\caption{With Placement Specifier: ht}
\begin{tabular}{lccr}
\hline
Column \#1 & Column \#2 & Column \#3 & Column \#4 \\
\hline
a & b & c & d\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\begin{table}[ht!]
\centering 
\caption{With Placement Specifier: ht!}
\begin{tabular}{|lc||c|r}
\hline
Column \#1 & Column \#2 & Column \#3 & Column \#4 \\
\hline
a & b & c & d\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\begin{table}[hb!]
\centering 
\begin{tabular}{|@{}l|@{$\vert$}c@{ H.}c@{}r@{Z}||}
\hline
Column \#1 & Column \#2 & Column \#3 & Column \#4 \\
\hline
a & b & c & d\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{With Placement Specifier: hb!}
\end{table}
\begin{table}[htb!]
\centering 
\begin{tabular}{@{\extracolsep{1em}}|l|l|@{\extracolsep{1em}}l|l|@{\extracolsep{0em}}l|}
\hline
Col \#1 & Col \#2 & Col \#3 & Col \#4 & Col \#5 \\
\hline
H1emp & H & H1em & H & H0em\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{With Placement Specifier: htb!}
\end{table}
\end{document}

Output

Example Tabular Columns 2

Code

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[paperwidth=16.5cm,paperheight=11.5cm,top=0.2cm,bottom=0.2cm,left=0.2cm, right=0.2cm,showframe]{geometry}

\begin{document}
\begin{table}[ht]
\centering 
\caption{With Placement Specifier: ht}
\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|r|}
\hline
Col \#1 & Col \#2 & Col \#3 & Col \#4 & Col \#5 \\
\hline
HHH & HHH & HHH & HHH & HHH \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\begin{table}[ht!]
\centering 
\caption{With Placement Specifier: ht!}
\begin{tabular}{|l|p{5em}|c|p{\dimexpr 0.15\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}|r|}
\hline
Col \#1 & Col \#2 & Col \#3 & Col \#4 & Col \#5 \\
\hline
HHH HH HHHH & HHH HH HHHH & HHH HH HHHH & HHH HH HHHH & HHH HH HHHH\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\begin{table}[hb!]
\centering 
\begin{tabular}{*{4}{|p{\dimexpr 0.15\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}}|r|}
\hline
Col \#1 & Col \#2 & Col \#3 & Col \#4 & Col \#5 \\
\hline
HHH HH HHHH & HHH HH HHHH & HHH HH HHHH & HHH HH HHHH & HHH HH HHHH\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{With Placement Specifier: hb!}
\end{table}
\begin{table}[htb!]
\centering 
\begin{tabular}{|*{5}{|p{\dimexpr 0.15\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}|}|}
\hline
Col \#1 & Col \#2 & Col \#3 & Col \#4 & Col \#5 \\
\hline
HHH HH HHHH & HHH HH HHHH & HHH HH HHHH & HHH HH HHHH & HHH HH HHHH\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{With Placement Specifier: htb!}
\end{table}
\end{document}

Output

Source and Reference

• http://www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_68.html
• http://www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_69.html
• https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Tables
• https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/3445/latex-tables-how-do-i-make-thicker-or-thinner-horizontal-lines-typically-hlin
• https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/10535/how-to-force-a-table-into-page-width
• https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/341205/what-is-the-difference-between-tabular-tabular-and-tabularx-environments
• https://texfaq.org/FAQ-rulethk
• https://texfaq.org/FAQ-destable
• https://texfaq.org/FAQ-struttab
• https://www.latex-tables.com/
• http://www1.maths.leeds.ac.uk/latex/TableHelp1.pdf
• https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Tables
• http://latex.silmaril.ie/formattinginformation/tables.html#formaltables
• https://www.scijournal.org/articles/latex-tables
• https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Questions/How_can_I_get_my_table_or_figure_to_stay_where_they_are%2C_instead_of_going_to_the_next_page%3F
• https://latex-tutorial.com/tables-in-latex/
• https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Tables
• https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/62710/tabular-with-p-type-columns-to-fill-page-width