VBScript Concatenation Operators

The concatenation operators are & Operator, And + Operator.

& Operator

~~last updated 17 Nov 2017~~

& or and concatenating operator is used to create a value by forcing a string concatenation of two expressions.

Syntax

expression1 & expression2

Argument

expression1Any expression.expression2Any expression.

Remark

Whenever an expression is not a string, it is converted to a String subtype.
If both expressions are Null, result is also Null.
However, if only one expression is Null, that expression is treated as a zero-length string ("") when concatenated with the other expression.
Any expression that is Empty is also treated as a zero-length string.

Version

+ Operator

~~last updated 17 Nov 2017~~

Addition operator or plus concatenating operator is used to create a value by summing two numeric expressions or by concatenating two string expressions

Syntax

expression1+expression2

Argument

expression1Any expression.expression2Any expression.

Remark

Although you can also use the + operator to concatenate two character strings, you should use the & operator for concatenation to eliminate ambiguity. When you use the + operator, you may not be able to determine whether addition or string concatenation will occur.
The type of the expressions determines the behavior of the + operator. If both expressions are numeric then add. If both expressions are strings then concatenate. If one expression is numeric and the other is a string then type mismatch error.
If one or both expressions are Null expressions, result is Null. If both expressions are Empty, result is an Integer subtype. However, if only one expression is Empty, the other expression is returned unchanged as result.

Version

Examples

Examples of & Operator and + Operator

ASP VbScript Command:

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
    <head>
<script runat="server" language="VBScript">
Function printdata
cmda=array("a","b","a&b","a+b"):ucnt=UBound(cmda):call heading
vars="a=Null:b=3":dsp_x
vars="a=Empty:b=3":dsp_x
vars="a="""":b=3":dsp_x
vars="a=2:b=Null":dsp_x
vars="a=2:b=Empty":dsp_x
vars="a=2:b=""""":dsp_x
vars="a=Null:b=""b""":dsp_x
vars="a=Empty:b=""b""":dsp_x
vars="a="""":b=""b""":dsp_x
vars="a=""a"":b=Null":dsp_x
vars="a=""a"":b=Empty":dsp_x
vars="a=""a"":b=""""":dsp_x
vars="a=Null:b=Null":dsp_x
vars="a=Empty:b=Empty":dsp_x
vars="a="""":b=""""":dsp_x
vars="a=2:b=3":dsp_x
vars="a=2.2:b=3.3":dsp_x
vars="a=4:b=0.5":dsp_x
vars="a=4:b=-0.5":dsp_x
vars="a=4:b=-5":dsp_x
vars="a=-4:b=2":dsp_x
vars="a=-4:b=0.5":dsp_x
vars="a=-4:b=2.5":dsp_x
vars="a=-4:b=-2.5":dsp_x
vars="a=-4:b=-0.5":dsp_x
vars="a=-4:b=-2":dsp_x
vars="a=""-4"":b=""2""":dsp_x
vars="a=""a"":b=""b""":dsp_x
vars="a=""-4"":b=-2":dsp_x
vars="a=""a"":b=-2":dsp_x
vars="a=-4:b=""-2""":dsp_x
vars="a=-4:b=""b""":dsp_x
End Function
Dim abb,cnt,cmda,cmp,dai,dlt,dte,dad,e,fnd,flg,fir,f_dw,gbd,hor,i,ild,k,mth,min,num,pnn,pi,sec,str1,str2,str,strs,tme,tmp,ucnt,var,vars,varx,wkd,x,z:varx=0
Function heading:If var=1 Then:tmp="":Else:tmp="<b>vars</b>":End If:For i=0 to ucnt:tmp=tmp&"<b>"&rmv_ctrl(cmda(i))&", TypeName</b>":Next:Response.Write "Results on Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard  x64, Microsoft-IIS/7.5, VB Version 14.0<br />"&"<i>"&tmp&"</i>":End Function
Function dsp_x:Dim tmp_a,tmp_b,i:If varx=0  Then:Execute vars:End If:If var=1 Then:tmp_a="":Else:tmp_a=rmv_ctrl(vars):End If:For i=0 to ucnt:tmp_b=cmd_b(cmda(i)):if i/2=fix(i/2) Then:tmp_b="<b>"&tmp_b&"</b>":End If:tmp_a=tmp_a&tmp_b:Next:Response.Write "<i>"&tmp_a&"</i>":End Function
Function rmv_ctrl(blk_str):Select Case blk_str:Case chr(0):blk_str="NUL":Case chr(1):blk_str="SOH":Case chr(2):blk_str="STX":Case chr(3):blk_str="ETX":Case chr(4):blk_str="EOT":Case chr(5):blk_str="ENQ":Case chr(6):blk_str="ACK":Case chr(7):blk_str="BEL":Case chr(8):blk_str="BS":Case chr(9):blk_str="HT":Case chr(10):blk_str="LF":Case chr(11):blk_str="VT":Case chr(12):blk_str="FF":Case chr(13):blk_str="CR":Case chr(14):blk_str="SO":Case chr(15):blk_str="SI":Case chr(16):blk_str="DLE":Case chr(17):blk_str="DC1":Case chr(18):blk_str="DC2":Case chr(19):blk_str="DC3":Case chr(20):blk_str="DC4":Case chr(21):blk_str="NAK":Case chr(22):blk_str="SYN":Case chr(23):blk_str="ETB":Case chr(24):blk_str="CAN":Case chr(25):blk_str="EM":Case chr(26):blk_str="SUB":Case chr(27):blk_str="ESC":Case chr(28):blk_str="FS":Case chr(29):blk_str="GS":Case chr(30):blk_str="RS":Case chr(31):blk_str="US":Case chr(127):blk_str="DEL":End Select:rmv_ctrl=blk_str:If IsNull(blk_str) OR IsEmpty(Blk_str) OR blk_str="" OR IsNumeric(Blk_str) Then:Else:rmv_ctrl=Replace(Replace(Replace(Replace(Replace(blk_str,"&","&amp;"),"  "," &nbsp;"),"""","&quot;"),"<","&lt;"),">","&gt;"): End If :End Function
Function cmd_b(blk_str):cmd_b="["&cmd_x(blk_str)&"], "&cmd_x("TypeName("&blk_str&")"):End Function
Function cmd_x(blk_str):On Error Resume Next:Dim xans, tmp:xans="":tmp="":execute "xans="&blk_str:If Err.Number <> 0  Then:xans=cmd_x("TypeName("&blk_str&")"):Select Case xans:Case 9::Case Else:xans="error":End Select:End If:If IsArray(xans)=False Then:cmd_x=rmv_ctrl(xans): Else:tmp=lst_arry(xans):cmd_x=trim(tmp):End If:End Function
Function lst_arry(blk_str):Dim tmp,i,q:q="""":tmp="":For i=0 to UBound(blk_str):if VarType(blk_str(i))>1 And VarType(blk_str(i))<6 Then:q="'":End If:tmp=tmp&" "&q&rmv_ctrl(blk_str(i))&q:Next:lst_arry=trim(tmp):End Function
</script>
        <title>Sample Page</title>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"> 
        <style type="text/css">
           i {display:table-row}
           u,b {display:table-cell}
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
<%call printdata %>
    </body>
</html>

HTML Web Page Embedded Output: